寒武纪生命爆发：原始海洋生命大揭秘

2017-03-02 09:06

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标签：史前动物寒武纪进化

据生活科学网报道，大约5.42亿年前到5.3亿年前，在地质学上被称做寒武纪，绝大多数无脊椎动物（比如节肢、腕足、蠕形、海绵、脊索动物等）在这2000多万年时间内几乎“同时”、“突然”出现，因此又被称为“寒武纪生命大爆发”。那么，寒武纪原始海洋动物到底长什么样？让我们一起来看看那些长相奇特的罕见动物吧！

寒武纪生命爆发：原始海洋生命大揭秘

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                "lmodify": "2017-03-02 09:06:18",
                "prevue": "据生活科学网报道，大约5.42亿年前到5.3亿年前，在地质学上被称做寒武纪，绝大多数无脊椎动物（比如节肢、腕足、蠕形、海绵、脊索动物等）在这2000多万年时间内几乎“同时”、“突然”出现，因此又被称为“寒武纪生命大爆发”。那么，寒武纪原始海洋动物到底长什么样？让我们一起来看看那些长相奇特的罕见动物吧！",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "1.类虾滤食性动物",
                   "note": "寒武纪生命大爆发事件导致大量奇特而复杂的生物形态出现，比如这个被科学家称为“Tamiscolaris borealis”的滤食性海洋怪物，它在格陵兰岛被发现。",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "2.栉水母动物化石",
                   "note": "科学家曾推测，生活在寒武纪的栉水母近似于现代栉水母类动物，属栉极动物门。但从中国西南部最新出土化石来看，科学家们认为栉水母生活在5.2亿年前，体表长有细须或毛发状结构。这些印迹的主人包括：Thaumactena ensis（A至D），Galeactena hemispherica（E至I）及Batofasciculus ramificans等。",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "3.装饰品？",
                   "note": "栉水母并不是真正意义上的水母，它们没有刺人的细胞或柔软的触须，保护它们的是坚硬带刺的骨架。这种小生物体形很像圣诞节用的装饰物品。",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "4.“超级武装”蠕虫",
                   "note": "科学家近期在中国南部发现一种拥有全身“超级武装”的蠕虫化石，且有着优美的长腿。科学家将其取名为Collinsium ciliosum，或“多毛的柯林斯怪物（以20世纪80年代在加拿大发现这种化石的古生物学者戴斯蒙德·柯林斯（Desmond Collins）的名字命名）”，它拥有30多条长腿——其中18条腿末端长着爪子，可以勾住动物并戳穿其体表。此外，它还有12条腿可以前后挥动，用来捕获水中营养物。",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "5.身上长刺",
                   "note": "大约5.4亿年前，地球上突然出现了大量多种多样的生物。研究人员称，Collinsium ciliosum是世界上首批拥有装甲保护的动物。在5.18亿年前的寒武纪生命大爆发时期，它们利用体表覆盖的刺保护自己免遭天敌捕杀。",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "6.化石残骸",
                   "note": "研究人员在中国发现29个Collinsium ciliosum化石，这种类似蠕虫的动物有很多条腿。",
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                {
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "7.怪异蠕虫",
                   "note": "20世纪70年代，科学家们发现这种5.05亿年前的蠕虫化石，并将其称为Hallucigenia sparsa。当时研究人员以为它的头部是尾巴，而腿部是脊柱。如今，科学家终于发现了它的头部和背部位置，并发现它是现代天鹅绒虫的祖先。天鹅绒虫的身体像鼻涕虫，长着蜈蚣一样的长腿。",
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                   "note": "Hallucigenia sparsa得名于“幻觉（hallucination）”一词，因为它的身体极为怪异——头部看起来像尾巴，身体两侧长有许多对长腿，背部脊柱也形态奇异。Hallucigenia sparsa蠕虫身长约35毫米，生活在寒武纪生命大爆发时期的海洋深处。",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "9.天鹅绒虫爪",
                   "note": "Hallucigenia sparsa沿着背部长有一排脊柱，以及七八对有爪的腿。它的爪子质地类似人类指甲，结构与现代天鹅绒虫的爪结构相似，正是这些爪子泄露了它们的族群关系。",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "10.Hallucigenia Worm插图",
                   "note": "Hallucigenia sparsa蠕虫化石发掘于加拿大布尔吉斯页岩，那里是世界上化石最丰富地区之一。Hallucigenia sparsa体长15毫米，身上覆有脊柱，身下长着10对细长的腿。由于其奇特体态和身体，科学家们最近才辨认出其脸部位置。它有一张独特的嘴，嘴上有圆形开孔，其上长有成排的牙齿，嘴与喉咙内部也长有朝向内脏的牙齿。",
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                {
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "11.Hallucigenia Worm插图",
                   "note": "Hallucigenia sparsa蠕虫看起来很会笑，它长着圆形大嘴，里面有成排的针状牙齿。研究人员发现，在它的嘴巴和喉咙里，还长有更多的牙齿。",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "12.Hallucigenia Worm化石",
                   "note": "Hallucigenia sparsa是在加拿大布尔吉斯页岩中发现的蠕虫，那里是世界上化石最丰富的地方之一。",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M934K0AI20009.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "13.古代节肢动物",
                   "note": "寒武纪时期见证了复杂多样的生物形态崛起，如这种源自简单多细胞动物的古代节肢动物。",
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                ,
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "14.保存完好的肢体",
                   "note": "这具石化的古代节肢动物名叫fuxhianhuiid，是考古学家在中国西南地区发掘出的保存异常完好的海洋生物化石。",
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                {
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "15.神经系统",
                   "note": "在寒武纪生命大爆发时期，中国西南部地区发现大量远古生物，包括fuxhianhuiid，它拥有延伸到头部的最古老的神经系统。",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M94C90AI20009.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "16.丰富的化石矿",
                   "note": "布尔吉斯页岩中的节肢动物，比如名为trilobite Olenoides的三叶虫和名为Sidneyia的有螯角肢动物。在所谓的寒武纪生命大爆发之后，生物多样性也更加丰富。",
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                ,
                {
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M94E20AI20009.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "17.标志性物种",
                   "note": "Trilobites是布尔吉斯页岩中最常见的生物。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "CE9M94FT0AI20009",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M94FT0AI20009.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "18.三叶虫链",
                   "note": "这是在波兰圣十字山中保存的三叶虫链。",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "CE9M94IF0AI20009",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "19.带刺动物",
                   "note": "古生物学家在布尔吉斯页岩中发现一种鼻涕虫似的生物，体表覆有尖刺。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M94MB0AI20009.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "20.郁金香型动物",
                   "note": "寒武纪也是大型生物崛起的时代，比如这个60厘米长的古代类虾生物，它被称为anomalocaridids，利用长长的棘头肢体捕捉猎物。",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "21.寒武纪海怪",
                   "note": "寒武纪也是大型生物崛起的时代，比如这个60厘米长的古代类虾生物，它被称为anomalocaridids，利用长长的棘头肢体捕捉猎物。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "CE9M97MB0AI20009",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M97MB0AI20009.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M97MB0AI20009.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M97MB0AI20009.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M97MB0AI20009.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "22.海星祖先",
                   "note": "在寒武纪生命大爆发时期，生命出现多样性大爆发，各种各样怪异的海洋生物大量出现，比如Helcocystis moroccoensis。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "CE9M98MO0AI20009",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M98MO0AI20009.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M98MO0AI20009.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M98MO0AI20009.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M98MO0AI20009.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "23.杂交动物",
                   "note": "这个怪异的动物拥有雪茄形状的身体，并附有5套螺旋槽，可以帮助其从海水中过滤食物。这种独特的五点对称特性，似乎揭示出海星、海胆等棘皮动物进化过程中演化出来的独特身体对称形态。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "CE9M9AF90AI20009",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M9AF90AI20009.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M9AF90AI20009.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M9AF90AI20009.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M9AF90AI20009.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "24.远古食肉动物",
                   "note": "这种保存完好、引人关注的生物名为Lyrarapax unguispinus，是在中国发现的。这种5.2亿年前的海洋生物保存得非常完好，甚至可以看清其大脑和神经系统。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "CE9M9AUK0AI20009",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M9AUK0AI20009.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M9AUK0AI20009.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M9AUK0AI20009.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M9AUK0AI20009.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "25.“裸体”动物",
                   "note": "这种Ovatiovermis cribratus看起来就像有腿的蠕虫，但它是“裸体的”，意即身上没有任何外壳保护。研究人员称，或许它利用伪装或毒素保护自己。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "CE9M9BBN0AI20009",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M9BBN0AI20009.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M9BBN0AI20009.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M9BBN0AI20009.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0009/2017-02-27/CE9M9BBN0AI20009.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "26.滤食性动物",
                   "note": "5亿年前的Ovatiovermis cribratus拥有独特的捕食方式。它可能将身体后半部分的肢体固定在海底，然后挥舞上半部分肢体捕捉微小的东西，比如漂浮在水中的浮游生物。（小小）",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
            ]
        }